Neuromodulation (neurostimulation) is a relatively new and rapidly growing treatment for refractory epilepsy. Three varieties are approved in the US: vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). deep brain stimulation (DBS) and responsive neurostimulation (RNS). This article reviews thalamic DBS for epilepsy. https://www.jmannino.com/mega-pick-NFL-San-Francisco-49ers-Zone-Block-iPhone-14-Pro-MagSafe-Case-p80213-quick-pick/